When someone says they are the "U.S. Latin Champions," what competition gave them that title?
It depends on if they are Pros, Pro/Am, or Amateurs.
The US National Professional Latin Championship is run at the United States DanceSport Championships, held in Miami in the very beginning of September. The US Open Pro/Am Latin Championship is also held there. There are two systems for amateurs, one is NDCA (National Dance Council of America) and the other is USA Dance. The NDCA US National Amateur Latin Championship has recently been held at Provo, Utah, in March, but I think that has changed. The USA Dance US National Amateur Latin Dance Championship is held in various locations in mid-August. The 2005 event was held in St. Paul, Minnesota. In 2006 it will be in San Jose, California. In 2007 it will be in Louisville, Kentucky. Only the competitors from the USA Dance championships go on to the Amateur World Championships. It's sort of like Miss USA versus Miss America: the winner of Miss USA goes on to Miss World, but winning Miss America is the end of the line in that pagent system.
Is there a championship, like moving up the competitions.
Well, if you mean are there a series of proficiency levels, yes. In Professional competition, there are only two levels: Rising Star and Open. In Pro/Am there is a huge series of levels, starting in "newcomer" and going on up to the Open Level. In Amateur there is also a series of levels, starting in Bronze Syllabus and moving up to World Class.
Or does your record stop after one competition and start again at the next one?
I'm not sure what you mean by this. However, if someone has ever won a US National title, some people keep using that title in some form or another forever, even if they only won it once. Still, it's only the person from the most recent national championship event who is really the national champion.
Is the Ohio Star Ball only a finals level or do beginners enter that as well?
Ohio Star Ball is for all levels. They even have special collegiate events for university dancers.
All of the competitions seem so isolated from one another, and all of the organizations seem to "compete" with each other for credibility. Is there one standard way to become champion?
I'm not sure what you're getting at. If you are a Pro or in Pro/Am, then you are only the US Champion if you win at the United States DanceSport Championships (USDSC). There are only two competing systems if you are an amateur couple, and of these only one of them has a world championship to send the top US couples to.
Some other organizations have "closed" championships. For instance, Arthur Murray and Fred Astaire studios both run their own national championships, but those are only for people who are part of those chains. It's not the case that just anyone can enter them, and therefore they aren't the true National Championships because they aren't open to all comers.
I'm not sure what you mean by the Ohio Star Ball being "isolated." It's a very big competition, and everyone knows when and where it is. The winners at Ohio are not the US Champions, though! They're just the Ohio Star Ball Champions. But still, winning at Ohio is a big and important win to most people.